Air Ambulance Services are used in cases where the transport by ground ambulance could endanger the life of a patient or in remote areas where there is no ground accessibility. Air Ambulance provides state-of-the-art advanced life support equipment on-board its aircraft. The Air Ambulance service is yet another facet of the Emergency Services. Air Ambulances are manned by staff specially trained in Flight Physiology, Advance Cardiac Life Support and Critical Care Medicine. Air Ambulance Services can cover many places in India, due to over 400 airfields, many of them having night landing facilities.
First air evacuation was done in 1870, 33 yrs before the historic Kitty Hawk flight when 160 wounded casualties were evacuated by air balloons during Prussian siege of Paris, by French Physiologist and Father of Aero medicine, Paul Bert. In 1917, French aircraft, Dorand AR II, was used as the first such air ambulance. During World War II nearly 1 million causalities were evacuated by air with a death rate of 4/100,000. It was not until 1933 that the first British Civilian Air Ambulance Service was started, serving the Scottish Isles.
The Military Assistance to Safety and Traffic (MAST) system began operations in 1969 at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. MAST was started as an experiment by the Department of Transportation to study the feasibility of military helicopters augmenting existing emergency medical services. Air ambulance services were used during the wars India has had with Pakistan. Air evacuation of civilian casualties has been done by the Indian Air Force at the time of national calamities, but no such service existed exclusively for the civilians until the India Aero medical Services was started in 1995
Two types of air ambulances are available:
First air evacuation was done in 1870, 33 yrs before the historic Kitty Hawk flight when 160 wounded casualties were evacuated by air balloons during Prussian siege of Paris, by French Physiologist and Father of Aero medicine, Paul Bert. In 1917, French aircraft, Dorand AR II, was used as the first such air ambulance. During World War II nearly 1 million causalities were evacuated by air with a death rate of 4/100,000. It was not until 1933 that the first British Civilian Air Ambulance Service was started, serving the Scottish Isles. The Military Assistance to Safety and Traffic (MAST) system began operations in 1969 at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio, Texas. MAST was started as an experiment by the Department of Transportation to study the feasibility of military helicopters augmenting existing emergency medical services. Air ambulance services were used during the wars India has had with Pakistan. Air evacuation of civilian casualties has been done by the Indian Air Force at the time of national calamities, but no such service existed exclusively for the civilians until the India Aero medical Services was started in 1995
Helicopter Air Ambulance
Due to its unique capabilities such as flying into inaccessible areas and taking off from and landing at narrow spaces, flying over difficult terrain, it is the primary mode of emergency operations. However its range of operation is generally limited to 150 to 300 miles, depending upon the type of helicopter. The helicopter offers great advantages over road transport, especially, in being able to approach incident or accident site where access by road may be very difficult or where roads may not even exist.
Fixed wing air ambulance
It can transfer the patients' long distances, but must load and offload them at the airports or existing airfields. Since hospitals are rarely located near the airports this necessitates ground transfer at either ends of the flight. The type of air ambulance which is optimal in a particular situation will depend upon distance, terrain, patients' condition, diagnosis, flying time and Civil Aviation rules and regulations.
AMBULANCE AIRCRAFT DETAILS (Available in Delhi):
Type |
Speed |
Pressurized |
Range |
Notice |
Stretcher Case |
Cessna Citation-Jet |
650 kmph |
Yes |
1500km |
2 Hrs |
ONE+1 PACK+3 PERSON |
King Air C-90 Turboprop |
330 kmph |
Yes |
1000km |
2 Hrs |
ONE+1 PACK+2 PERSON |
King Air B-200 Turboprop |
440 kmph |
Yes |
1800km |
2 Hrs |
ONE+1 PACK+3 PERSON |
Pilatus Porter PC-12 |
330 kmph |
Yes |
1800km |
2 Hrs |
ONE+1 PACK+3 PERSON |
Dornier-228 Piston |
220 kmph |
Yes |
1000km |
2 Hrs |
ONE+1 PACK+3 PERSON |
Helicopter Bell 407 |
- |
- |
250km |
2 Hrs |
- |
Medical help that can be given to the patients during air evacuation falls into three categories:
Aero medical transportation missions can be divided into three categories:
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